Final Project 1960 Time Capsule Essay Example for Free

Final Project 1960 Time Capsule EssayAfter receiving a very intriguing c al matchless from my colleagues, about a immense time contraction find, I made my immediate departure for a little station we call the Red Zone previously known as Colorado. As I arrive I help my colleagues to unearth a time capsule from the period of the 1960s. We carefully opened the capsule that had intrigued us all so much to find five articles inside that told a great story of our agone and of the decade beginning in 1960. The following is a summary of my findings within the capsule.The first of the five articles contained within the capsule was The Berlin Wall of 1961, also known as The Iron Curtain. This wall once more than 30 miles of barbed wire was a barrier between the Communist East Germany and the Democratic western united States Germany, became a series of concrete walls up to fifteen feet high, 96 miles long and guarded by towers armed with guards. After WWII Germany was split into four zones, three controlled by France, Britain, and The United States, and the other one by The Soviet Union the Berlin Wall was constructed to separate the zone (East Germany) that was controlled by the Soviet Union from the zones (West Germany) controlled by France, Britain and the United States. It was hither at the Berlin Wall that John F. Kennedy gave one of his memorable speeches, There are many people in the world who really dont under radical, or say they dont, what is the great issue between the free world and the Communist world. Let them take place to Berlin.There are some who say that communism is the wave of the future. Let them come to Berlin. And there are some who say in Europe and elsewhere we can work with the Communists. Let them come to Berlin. And there are even a few who say that it is true that communism is an evil system, but it permits us to make economic progress. Lasssie nach Berlin kommen. Let them come to Berlin. The construction and demolition of the Berl in Wall(1989-90) are crucial milestones of the Cold War.The second incident imbed in the capsule was the March on Washington of 1963. Attended by some 250,000 people, it was the largest demonstration ever seen in the nations capital, and one of the first to have extensive television coverage (Ross, 2007). The stated demands of the march were the passage of meaningful civil rights legislation the voidance of racial segregation in public schools protection for demonstrators against police brutality a major public-works program to provide jobs the passage of a law prohibiting racial discrimination in public and private hiring a $2 an hour minimum wage and self-government for the District of Columbia, which had a black majority (Ross,2007).Demanding jobs and freedom from the nations capital this march successfully pressured the Kennedy administration to initiate a civil rights bill in Congress. This is also when Martin Luther King gave his I strike a Dream speech. Although it wasn t until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that the demands of the march were met, it was a major point in the peaceful war for civil and equal rights for all Americans. Without this peaceful demonstration the civil rights movement could have been pushed even further back in its effort for an equal nation. The effects of this event can dumb be seen today as we are now seen as American rather than white and black or rich or poor.The third item discovered in the capsule was the assassination of President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. On this day President Kennedy accompanied by his wife, John Connelly and his wife Nellie rode in a motorcade through the streets of Dallas, TX. It was during this ride that President Kennedy was shot around 1230 pm the driver wherefore rushed the President to Memorial infirmary where he was pronounced dead at 100pm. This horrible travesty shook America for years to come. News of the assassination changed the source of news from then on. Until this po int newspapers had been the main source of news, until the assassination which brought on the longest uninterrupted television broadcast to date. The assassination also stuck fear in the African-Americans that the assassination would correct a halt to the progress for civil rights. However, the assassination seemed to spur the civil rights movement which resulted in the Civil Rights Act of 1964 signed by President Lyndon Johnson.The assassination also changed the way the secret service operates today. Although during those times the Presidentwas freer to move around openly, now secret service agents keep the president more ensure and his availability limited. It is also thought that had the president not been assassinated the Vietnam War would have ended and many of our troops would not have died. The assassination opens up the possibility of what if?, and fueled conspiracy theorist for many, many years to come. This showed the weakness of American by its own hand.The fourth item in the capsule was the corn liquor landing in 1969. July 16, 932am three astronauts (Neil Armstong, Buzz Aldridge, and Michael Collins) sit waiting for launch permission. By 944am they are in Earth orbit, July 20 at 1056pm Neil Armstrong takes his first step on the moon. With more than half a billion people watching on television, he climbs down the ladder and proclaims Thats one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind. (htt5). This was proof of great technological advancement and completion of the challenge set forth by President Kennedy over nine years ago. Project Apollo took on a life of its own over the years and left an important legacy to both the nation and the proponents of space exploration. Its success was enormously significant, coming at a time when American society was in crisis (htt6).This event showed the world and Americans everywhere that The United States was still the ultimate business leader by demonstrating to the world what the United States could a chieve. The moon landing changed the way we viewed the Earth as they pointed a small portable camera toward Earth, showing just how small and fragile the planet really is in the scheme of the universe. The samples taken and brought back from the moon landing opened up knew scientific testing and led the way to multiple other moon landings and advancing our knowledge of space itself.The last item in the intriguing capsule was the Woodstock practice of medicine Festival of 1969. This was a three day concert at Max Yasgurs dairy farm in the town of Bethel. More than half a million people came together united in a message of peace, openness and cultural expression and demonstrated how a generation could be comprehend (htt7) Woodstock is committed to living by its principles we believe in universal human rights, ethical business practices, unfettered creative expression, free trade, the loving care of our planet, the power of the individual to make a difference, and theoverwhelming impact of communities to act as agents of peaceful change (htt7). However, the fiesta involved medicinal drug (rock n roll), drugs, sex and nudity. This festival came at a time when American had been through hard times. With the Civil Rights Movement, the Vietnam War, and the assassination of Martin Luther King the United States was tired and weary.The peaceful concert changed the way music was marketed from then on, now knowing that fans were willing to give up killular amenities to have sight of the musicians they loved. The change on music and pop horticulture of the time was historic. In 1969, rock critic Ellen Sander appraised the immediate impact of the Festival this way No longer can the magical multicolored phenomenon of pop culture be overlooked or underrated. Its happening everywhere, but now it has happened in one place at one time so hugely that it was indeed historic . The audience was a much bigger story than the groups. It was major entertainment news that the li ne-up of talent was of such magnificence and magnitude (thirty-one acts, nineteen of which were colossal) . These were, however, the least significant events of what happened over the Woodstock weekend.What happened was that the largest number of people ever assembled for any event other than a war lived together, intimately and meaningfully and with such natural good cheer that they turned on not only everyone surrounding them but the mass media, and, by extension, millions of others, young and old, particularly many elements unpeaceful to the manifestations and ignorant of the substance of pop culture. (htt8). This change in pop culture has left an undying footprint on the history of the world with its new found music, art and literary styles.It is clear after examining and researching the incredible articles within the time capsule that the 1960 era was an extreme time of change for the American people. This decade in our history so full of such life changing events not only i n the United States but also in other countries that hope on support from the United States. Its story shows our ability to adapt to ever changing situations around us and the resilience of the American people. Whether it is fighting Communism, the loss of a great leader, fighting for our rights, landing on the moon, or expressing or freedom in culture we are a strong nation and when faced with a great challenge we answer that challenge with a great success. Although many have been lostalong the way as a whole we stand one nation, united.References(n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.tenfactsabout.co.uk/0003berlinwall.htm (n.d.). Retrieved from http//mlk-kpp01.stanford.edu/index.php/encyclopedia/encyclopedia/enc_march_on_washington_for_jobs_and_freedom/ (n.d.). Retrieved from Civil Rights March on Washington (History, Facts, Martin Luther King Jr.) Infoplease.com. Infoplease. (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.theguardian.com/world/2013/nov/19/john-f-kennedy-assassination-racial-equalit y-jfk (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/apollo11_40th.html (n.d.). Retrieved from http//history.nasa.gov/ap11-35ann/legacy.html (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.woodstock.com/(n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.woodstockpreservation.org/SignificanceStatement.htm http//www.u-s-history.com/pages/h1867.html. (n.d.).

The Consequence Of The Bulger Case Criminology Essay

The Consequence Of The Bulger episode Criminology EssayCritically analyse the assertion that Young people argon framed as perpetrators, alone seldom considered as dupes, and it is the latter that is gather uped.tABLE OF CONTENTSIntroductionThe twentieth anniversary of James Bulgers death was accompanyd on 12th February 2013. The kidnapping from a shop mall in Bootle (Merseyside), and murdering of the two-year-old, established an entirely fresh precedent on the way in which jejunes atomic number 18 treated within the Criminal Justice System.1 delinquent to the fol let outing moral panic, the deterrent example received too much public intention, which converted into a movement that commanded Robert Thompson and Jon Venables to be imprisoned forever.2This provided justification to the policy changes, which readily assisted in reducing the age of criminal accountability to ten. The possibility that children could be victims themselves was disregarded. This essay will demonstrate t he role of the media and the evaluator model in border the youth in categories that assist in promoting popular thinking regarding a delinquent through prevailing social values, attitudes, and beliefsthat change s woefully over time and reshape what people think and believe.3In essence, the youth are used as suitable vehicles to meet semipolitical agenda. This is detrimental to society, as it does non conform to the needs of the victimised delinquent. This paper contains, in this regard, an evaluation of the debates around the justice and welfare models, and highlights the urge to develop the latter. The concluding section will state how the politicisation of crime develops a punitive justice arrangement that redefines the youth as the new folk devils. It sees them as perpetrators and not victims. There is a strong need to increasingly consider the youth as victims, as it is only then the benefits of such a welfare model send away be experienced.The Consequence Of The Bulg er CaseDebatably, the publics response towards deteriorating social order permits the introduction of more punitive measures by political parties and policy-makers. This would aid constructing public opinion so that the enforced regulations are justify and legitimised in controlling crime. Such is not a new occurrence. Cohen, in 1964, studied the moral hysteria created by the Mods and Rockers,4the shaping of the young black mugger in the 1970s was researched by Hall,5the 1980s focused upon the punks, the hoodies emerged in the nineties and the new millennium exposed gang lifestyles.6Nonetheless, Smith and Seudas study involved a postmodern perspective of the Bulger case, which they view as incomparable.7The fact that Bulger was murdered by Boy A and Boy B (both aged ten and not adults) fuelled the country with detest to a level that Britain was seen striving for the blood of Thompson and Venables.8Through negative broadcasting, the media relentlessly sought to further demonise the boys. The media maintained the nations hatred and dismantle influenced the removal of the injunction against naming the boys publicly.The murderers were never promoted as victims themselves. In fact, it became obvious that framing Thompson and Venables was indefinitely an instrument to negate the boys so governmental agendas are met. Being depicted as evil killers of a cute child, both boys confronted masses outside the courts that taunted to hang them.9The entire focus was on the devastation caused and this justified lowering the criminal duty age. Individuals under fourteen were no longer considered to be doli incapax or unable to commit crime.10Before criticising the medias involvement, it is important to note that framing is not regarded as what the media covers but rather the way in which it does.11Morrison highlights how the media elicited public sympathy by, for example, describing the victim as little Jamie.12Such evidently influenced Justice Morland in sentencing the off enders to the compulsory eight historic period equivalent to the undefined sentence under section 53(1) of the sisterren and Young Persons Act 1933. The Judge viewed the crime as cunning and very wicked and worthy of existenceness imprisoned for very, very many years until maturation. Reflecting ideas of right realists (like American neo-conservative JQ Wilson), which view offenders as rational beings wilfully engaging in criminal behaviour, this ideology has piecemeal affected policy-making. It is in clear up to generalise children as it is certain that the age of maturity varies.13Also, the judges condition of being detained until you have matured emphasises the view that it is criminal not to have matured by ten. The judge can be regarded as being affected by external reactions. Each case should be pertinacious on its merit, and equal attention should be given to punishing the crime and also dealing with the causes. The latter reflects the need to realise the perpetrators a s victims suffering themselves. It is this welfare system that would provide economic and social security to individuals. Punishing the crime does not solve the task as reoffending statistics highlight,14but rather the causes of crime should be eradicated.The judge, in the Bulger case, believed that eight years was very, very many years for a ten year old.15However four weeks later, Lord Chief Justice, Lord Taylor of Gosforth cherished to extend it to ten years so it would act as a deterrent. Nonetheless, such would again fall short of the authors argument that queries how a young mentally disturbed immature person could weigh up the consequence of his actions in such circumstances. It is not, for one second, being suggested to forgive murderers, but rather the state should select them also as victims and act to prevent future generations from suffering to the extent where they see such violent acts as rational. From a neutral perspective, it is apparent that the framing process provides a carte blanche to policy-makers to increase punishments and satisfy the communitys punitive urge. The Home Secretary, Michael Howard, was equipped with thousands of cuttings from the Suns movement steered by Bulgers parents to extend the sentencing to whole life. In 1994, Howard change magnitude it to cardinal years to calm the apprehensive public.16Such a move prohibited the recognition of the perpetrators as victims. It is evident that the victims family were stressed and wanted revenge, but if this request is only adhered to by the state, this would detract completely from the welfare model and what is left is a system of solely crime and punishment. This is not a preventive model and would be ineffective in tackling problems faced by young offenders. Such has been supported by the English Court of Appeal17and the majority in the House of Lords,18who criminalize the ability of policymakers in deciding sentencing. Furthermore in T v UK and V v UK,19the European Court of Human Rights rightly recognised the unsporting trial that resulted from the negative public opinion injected by the media. Lord Woolf cancelled the increased sentence and viewed the YOIs as too harsh. The boys were released with new identities after(prenominal) serving the pilot light eight years. James Bulgers mother warned the public to watch out for any unknown eighteen year olds residing in their area and advised that they got away with murderand to do what you can to get them out because theyre still dangerous. I know theyll kill again.20Being allowed to make defamatory assertions illustrates the framing process to be intact. Also, on that point was distinctly no appreciation of the work in rehabilitating the offenders so they are not seen as a threat in community.21However, if it was given attention in the squeeze then this, consequently, would have offended the victims family.22This is irrational. It is important to promote, to a certain extent, such rehabilitation work so it can educate the nation as to risks associated with discriminate children. This obviously will lower crime rates in the long run as crime-inducing factors would be dealt with this is why Morrison argues the illogicality by questioning whether its practical to imagine a place where the rehabilitation of lost and damaged children would be a matter for celebration, not outrage? However, too much attention would base harmful, as this would promote a lenient criminal justice model catering to reform the young. Convinced to be looked after, immature individuals would commit crime. To be effective, the system employed should advertise both the stringent sentencing powers along with the welfare measures. But obviously, it is necessary for offenders to be classified as victims first.The Norwegian ExampleOutlining the James Bulger case was not simply due to its significance to present-day English and Welsh penal policy, but moreover to compare it with how other nations deal with the issue. Soon after, there was another murder that resembled the Bulger case.23Here, a six-year-old boy, along with two boys aged five, murdered five-year-old girl called Siljie.24Nonetheless even though she lost her daughter, the mother forgave the ones who killed It is not mathematical to hate small children. They cant understand the consequences.25The offenders returned to conventionality coaching within two weeks and identities continue to be confidential.26They were not punished strictly but were initially seen by psychologists and welfare specialists. Obviously, the individuals were confronted with hardship but rather care, support, guidance and counselling was encouraged.27Such was not overtly welcomed in the Bulger case.A welfare model operated in Norway. Many scholars began to query the way in which one society strives towards the whole life punishment, whilst another favours implanting offenders back into their normal lives and hoping they will recover from events as if they were victimised.2829Both these approaches consist the two extremes of the spectrum. Norway is seen as soft on crime whereas embracing the harsh method of England and Wales would be disadvantageous in understanding crime. A hybrid acceptance would serve well whereby deserving punishment is given and also the offenders are recognised, overtly and impartially, as victims so society can be cured and not merely punished.Political PlatformThe right realist policies are far greater retributory in nature than those of other EU States.3031A political economy has an doctor upon the methods of framing certain individuals not least to imprison them in the assurance of a present societal unanimity that would not query it. A chopine was offered to Tony Blair who manipulated Bulgers death to attack the Conservative reign, which Marxism stated catered the desires of the elite.32As elections approached, Thatcher demanded the removal of anarchy and violence from society. after Bulger, Blai r was also seen asserting there to be something very ptyalise at the heart of our society.33These statements are evidences of the use of juvenile crime to reach governmental agendas.34Furthermore, it also enables the introduction of more crime control methods that, along with attracting voters to political manifestos, moves away from the model of due process.35The focus is on punishing crime rather than ultimately understanding it. It shifts towards a model that fails to recognise criminals as individuals with rights, and even a history of victimisation themselves.The UKs Attempts To Go WelfareThere have been rare instances where attention has been given to juvenile delinquents, as hinted in the title. Immediately after Bulgers death, Home Secretary Kenneth Clarke proposed reforms that established new YOIs to support twelve to fourteen year-olds. These ran parallel with retributive programmes.36Although this depicts the justice methodology, the Bulger case did eventually query pare ntal duties, increased state intervention and rehabilitation schemes within the framework of YOTs diverting offenders from custodial sentencing to reparation with the sufferer and alternatively face community punishments. All questions were soon answered by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. Nonetheless, the guidelines included have differing impacts on the procedures adopted by welfare performers as opposed to those of the justice approach. The year 1998 also introduced policies such as ASBOs, Parenting Orders, Dispersal Orders, Behaviour Agreements, Detention and Curfews.37However, despite being introduced to support them, the policies rather went on to adversely affect those appearing before the developing YOTs.38This is correct where multi-agency policies are intrinsic in programmes where society decides the juveniles consequence. Nonetheless when based upon evidence from quantitative research, there are problems since it claims that actors should closely follow procedures that ar e known to be successful. As seen in Section 93 of the Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000,where a person aged under 21 is convicted of murder the court shall sentence him to clutch for life unless he is liable to be detained under section 90 above.In the words of John Pitts, we are far too concerned with their whole caboodle and uninterested in their needs.39Contrary to the view expressed in the title, there have been attempts to unite justice and welfare to generate a more sympathize with nevertheless modulate attitude. This supports the idea that even though the individual is responsible for his action, the system does acknowledge the victimisation of that delinquent. For example, the restorative justice model enabled offender victim mediations whereby the offender meets the sufferer, apologises, displays sorrow and advances towards reparation. Such encounters are done with a volunteer who would, assisted by a script, monitor the procedure into a reasonable conclu sion.40This was a great move but gradually, right wing views were injected into community sanctions and, as it became associated with custodial punishments, this defeated the objective. The proposed multi-agency system was further disordered with bifurcating approaches of the actors mostly police officers who are bias towards the youth (especially those from black/ethnic minorities). Feilzer and Hood, who discovered African-Carribean juveniles as being disproportionately represented in the youth justice system, have supported this assertion.41This can be explained by Hall et al and their study into the framing of black youths in Handsworth (Birmingham).42The delinquency is dissimilar but the manner in which the media reacted, and policy amendments that followed, is largely comparable. Three black youths attacked a male in 1973 and such a street crime would result in a six months sentence. However, they were institute for a new crime called mugging.43The media exaggerated and label led all black men as muggers. This helped justify (following the 2011 UK riots) strategies like stop and search and sus laws contained in encrypt A of PACE (Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984) whereby, in absence of reasonable basis, black men could be stopped.44Here also, photos of the offenders, one aged 16 and two aged fifteen, were all over tabloids. Eventually, the oldest received twenty years of imprisonment and ten years were given to the other two.45Ultimately, the framing of the individuals, who were accountable for a lesser crime, initiated riots that consequently helped justify the severe punishments, police conduct and discretion. This can develop into a vicious cycle and would result in harsher forms of punishment that are justified with more severe criminal movements. Such can be prevented through actually treating the causes of criminality by, as this paper argues, increasingly identifying youths as victims themselves.The alleged(prenominal) developments in law a re a result of children being used (as suitable vehicles) to construct media exaggerations even though children murdering children is not a new phenomenon. This in turn questions why previous practices of criminal justice were overwritten by Bulger. It was to distract the viewer from considering the youth as victims. In the case, Justice Morland questioned how two mentally normal boys aged 10 of average intelligence committed this terrible crime is very hard to comprehend.46Its obvious. They were mentally unstable as they were victims of brutality. Although experts evaluated them to be mature large for an adult trial, they were not. In Norway, they would have been impartially recognised as victims, treated and sent back into their normal lives. Norways intentional homicide rates are exceptionally low with a rate of 0.6, as opposed to UKs 1.2, per hundred thousand in 2009.47Norways focus on rehabilitation is surely effective as seen in its low crime rate. The UK needs to increasingl y consider the youth today as victims. This, in the long run, will address UKs problem of rising criminal behaviour.It is necessary to understand the victimisation of youth as this would display societal defects that need attention. The first of three ways in which steps can be interpreted to avert juveniles from criminal conduct is by using Asset where risks and defending factors are analysed to estimate the needs and improve matters of schooling, parenting, deficiencies or bullying for example.48Secondly, YOTs must slim on both the victim and offender. Where the community punishment is ineffective, the offender appears in court but the juveniles interests are at the heart of the process.49The other factor comprises of the monitor order where checks are made to prevent re-offending, and also encourage attainment of goals. It is essential that such be actually followed through for reasons highlighted in this paper. However, history has taught us the opposite. In fact, the aftermat h of Tony Blairs landslide victory did not prohibit the victimisation of vulnerable juveniles. Under Blairs government, the initial nine years created 3,023 criminal offences and these mostly were associated with regulating the youth.50Such an attitude is reflected with the positivist views enshrined in to days policy-making in support of crime control and policies promoting words like Zero Tolerance and Three Strikes. These openly conflict with the much-needed care of the welfare model.The main objective of introducing the Youth Justice System was to merge the justice and welfare models to tackle juvenile delinquency.51It aimed to understand juvenile offending and also punish the youth as adults, to offer protection to society. The equilibrium has not obviously been met and the United Nations Committee on the Rights of a Child was extremely concerned regarding the level of juvenile poverty in UK and described teen pregnancy and homelessness as its main concerns.52This highlights th e inability of children to enjoy normal lifestyles and instead, resort hotel to crime to fulfil basic requirements. It is necessary to primarily identify the youth as victims so that such issues can be addressed. In the YJB questionnaires for instance, 71% participants from college/school believe family members cared about them. Since they were questionnaires, interviewer bias was not relevant but this percentage is definitely an overrepresentation with children being inclined to answer positively. At least 29% were overtly not feeling protected this is detrimental and needs to be recognised. Also when asked whether they stay away from home without asking,5373% denied this similarly another overrepresentation.Case demand Joseph ScholesOverall, local authorities across the country are failing to provide proper assessments and care plans for vulnerable children.54This was seen in the Joseph Scholes case. Said to be well-mannered yet vulnerable by social workers, Scholes resided wit h mother Yvonne after a custody dispute.55Scholes had also experienced sexual abuse from an early age and this transformed into self-harming. After being handed into care, Scholes would go out and get drunk with friends. On one occasion, an assault and a theft of a mobile occurred. Despite being a spectator, Scholes was arrested since he was looking after the stolen phone.56Scholes became tensed and inflicted self-harm by slitting furiously his face using knives. Scholes difficulties were discussed and all relevant documents were presented by psychiatrists, social workers and YOTs, which proposed non-custodial sentencing owing to Scholes suicidal tendency.57The problem however was that the defendant pleaded guilty even though he was innocent to all intent and purpose.58The judge stressed his inability to depart from Lord Woolf s standpoint that every street robbery must receive immediate custodial sentencing.59He received a two-year custodial sentence.60Furthermore, a shortfall in p lacements compelled the Board to situate Scholes at Stoke Heath Youth Offending Institution, where he needed care but only received a piece to cover his stripped body. After being shifted to the Health Care Wing, Scholes was found dead hanging from the window bars just nine days into his punishment. The observance of stringent rules has proved detrimental again. Research by Ofsted identified fifty cases whereprofessionals failed to see the situation from the childs perspective to see and speak to the children to listen to observe to take serious account of their views supporting their needs is probably the single most consistent failure in safeguarding work with children.61ConclusionFollowing the life-sustaining analysis of the assertion, it is obvious that the youth are largely seen as perpetrators of crime. The consideration towards the idea that the youth can be victimised is required in modern society to ensure the individual is protected as seen in the Buffer Model examined by Armstrong et al (2005). This paper relied upon the controversial debate surrounding the justice and welfare models. The author supports the view that the justice system should be relaxed to the point where the welfare model can be most effective. After all, an association found upon trust and care with individual assistance is much more economical and successful than imprisoning mentally scarred juveniles away from their lives. Framing individuals creates stereotypes, which promote negatively wrought identities.62This can be disadvantageous to offenders and ultimately disorders society further. Every case needs to be viewed as different from one another and, where victimisation of the offender is recognisable, it must be identified and treated. Also, external factors, such as the media, should not be allowed to influence. It is only then the problems from a custodial sentence can be avoided and most importantly, the welfare model can function at its best. Realistically however, although there is a much greater need to consider the youth as victims, the use of children as suitable vehicles to meet political plans makes it highly unlikely for such recognition in todays society.

Competitive Environment For HSBC

Competitive Environment For HSBCThe fiscal crisis of 2008 considerably create signifi stooget jounce to the not only to the bank line of businesses in Hong Kong but also to orbiculate providence. Basic each(prenominal)y, the general concept of monetary crisis of 2008 refers to the degree to which the performance of a firm or an application is affected by the world(prenominal) financial crisis. The financial crisis of 2008 which straight affect the l oddmenters and other financial institutions tramp also affect an individual investor who owns a portfolio a high society an exporter and importer who concentrates on international trade and even a firm that has no direct international activities. Furthermore, through their impact on the personifys of inputs, outputs, and substitute goods play a significant role in find out the competitive position of companies with no direct international operations relative to foreign firms (Solvell Zander 2000).Since few organisations can e xcel simultaneously all oer the scene, they specialise. nigh atomic number 18 renowned for their ability to organise and place impudent issues, others prosper as merger and acquisition specialists, reliable asset private instructors, skilful forex traders or economic custodians. The product roster whitethorn be possessed of a connection with an initial and fairly random advantage, or it may be a judicious repartee to a shifting surroundings, competition and ultimately profitability. Regional specialisation, by contrast, tends to have more deterministic elements, geographical and cultural closeness, for example.With view to the current competitive environment scene and in the banking industry in which HSBC belongs, regulatory and technological miscellanys argon the main catalysts, making entrenched competitive structures obsolete and mandating the development of in the buff products, clean processes, new strategies, and new public policies toward the industry under ana lysis (Bond Green, 2003). Financial centres, in vigorous competition with each other, have undergone further regulatory change in their efforts to capture a greater sh ar of international trade in financial utilitys, even as common efforts at the regional and orbiculate level have tried to support safety and soundness and a reasonably level competitive playing field. Banks and securities firms have had to devise and implement new strategiessomemagazines star events or (perhaps more often) responding to themand the financial services industry has seen a wave of mergers, acquisitions, and strategic alliances in virtually all separate of the world. There are numerous major banking doers in the industry, include in the list is HSBC, who strive for securities industry place leadership in all their business aspects. As such(prenominal), the level of industry competition is very stiff and very aggressive.Competitive AdvantageIn the case of HSBC, even though this organisation had a ve ry inviolate commercialise competition in the industry where entrants have little or no threat will earn low returns on their profits if it has to face a superior quality and lower-cost alternative. For competitive advantage, HSBC uses strong branding and a tailored approach to give customers an individual service, whether they want investment banking services for their troupe, or a personal mortgage. With high personal contact or a range of electronic access points, they can provide their customers with accessibility to their services anywhere in the world. Each product produced is tailored to the customers needs but follows very precise processes. At each stage, the customer and advisor mustiness(prenominal) sign documentation to kindle that the right level of advice has been given, is understood and the customer feels that at that critical point, they have received good quality service.Despite of the offspring of global financial crisis in 2008, the global development strat egies of HSBC shows superiority but would not be appreciated without the concrete examples of their projects, which indicate the changes and victor in the market. Annesley (2008) reports that two years ago, HSBC spends more that 2.5 million euros a year on IT systems and in-house application development, and set itself a target of cutting per-unit processing costs by 10% every year. This year, HSBC expects to make an 11% saving on transaction processing this year after cutting 8.8% off costs in 2005, after 370 successful system deployments in the medieval three years, and the continued expansion of its pool of global platforms (Annesley, 2008). In addition, the bank has also set up a single, self-managed global network and consolidated on four global datacenters and two regional ones. Moving application development work to low-cost centers such as India is another key part of the companys strategy, leash the bank to estimate that 4.2% of its technology development work takes pla ce in low-cost locations, such as India and the Philippines (Annesley, 2008).In 2008, beautiful Isaac Corporation, the leading provider of analytics and last management technology, announced that HSBC would utilise Fair Isaacs proven software technologies, analytic models and development processes for Enterprise Decision Management, and this integrated solution will facilitate HSBC prepare its ability to optimise profitability across the banks con affectionatenesser lending portfolios, and support its long-term growth objectives in the Asia-Pacific region (Press Release 2008). Moreover, to build upon rapid growth of its accredit card portfolios and strengthen its leadership in Asia-Pacifics booming consumer lending market, HSBC required a highly scalable solution to roll out optimised decision strategies across products, countries and decision areas (Press Release 2008).It is evident that the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation or HSBC invest on software programs and ap plications, in response to the fast-paced technological changes today. With the use of the earnings and other web-based applications, it is easier for the company to reach their customers globally and serve them better and faster. With the pleasant response of consumers to the efficient use of the World Wide Web, HSBC will not have a hard time relating to their customers globally, and even implementing projects and new programs to serve and relate to their customers effectively.Corporate Analysis on HSBC SWOT AnalysisAs part of the business practices of HSBC, SWOT analysis illustrates their status in accordance to strengths, weakness and opportunities and treats after the financial crisis.HSBCs Strengths and WeaknessesStrengths. HSBC has branches in most parts of the world. This helps them have advantage against their competitors. It also gives them the fortune to serve more consumers indeed they can acquire more profit (Who is HSBC? 2010). The employees of the company are well trained. The employees were well chosen and well trained to do their respective jobs. These employees are well managed to keep them in line with the objectives and standards of the company (Who is HSBC? 2010). This is strength of a company because it brings out the best employees thus the best service can be given to the clients. If clients enjoy the service of the company they tend to return to avail again the services and products offered by the company this results to satisfaction of the goals of the company. The company has an internet banking capability wherein consumers can transact their business online. This promotes ease and convenience to consumers. It also gives them advantage over their competitors since not all competitors have such technology. HSBC imputable to its availability in the world has acquired a strong brand name(Who is HSBC? 2010). This is strength for the company due to people will search for the company when they need such kind of services. Having a strong brand name means that the company has competitive advantage against their rivals. Summarily, the companys strengths include its worldwide reach, well trained and managed employees, internet banking capability, and strong brand name.Weaknesses. The company although has a strong brand name is lacking of promotional programs. The company maybe popular to those who have seen it in the internet, have availed of their services, or have come to know of the company through HSBCs clients but to some people the company is not that known (Who is HSBC? 2010). The company needs an effective promotional advertisement that can give the company more clients. HSBC although performing well against most of their competitors still has to overcome its best competitor which is Citigroup. As shown in the entropy figure the anatomys Citigroup has over the other companies is so high. This means the company has to work double time to overcome or be equal to Citigroup. To sum up, the companys weaknesses in clude the lack of promotional advertisements, and inability to overcome the best competitor it has.HSBCs Threats and Opportunities after financial crisisOpportunities. posterior on the financial crisis, the main opportunity for HSBC is to increase the number of its strategic acquisitions in order to further strengthen their current market leadership position. Through such acquisitions, HSBC would be able to widen the scope of their market share, improve the quality of services that they offer to their clientele, and develop their core competencies further (Who is HSBC? 2010). A secondary opportunity for the company is its internet banking. They should improve its features so that it can cater to the needs of the consumers. The company should also promote the said technology more to attract more clients. Another opportunity the company has is the website it has. The company can make the website more user-friendly, helpful and informative so that people will be countenanced to use it. The web can also be apply as a promotional material that the company can use for more people to know the company. Succinctly, the major opportunities for HSBC are its potential strategic acquisitions and its employ of the Internet technology.Threats. The main threat to the company is Citigroup. If the HSBC dont do anything to improve their current status they might not catch up with Citigroup and more success may come to that company. Another treat is the economic condition of the countries they are operating(a) in. The status of the economy in United Kingdom (UK) is different from the status of the economy in Hong Kong, the status of the economy in UK might be good unlike the status of the economy in Hong Kong, potential problems may turf out thus HSBC should prepare measures to counter it (Who is HSBC? 2010). Additional threats to HSBC may include the ever-changing legal landscape for international business operations, unforeseen strong industry entrants which could decreas e the potentialities of HSBCs market presence in the countries which they have yet to explore.Conclusions recommendationsBusinesses are continuously evolving in order to meet the needs of its people. However, they should be cautious to the changes in order to hold in competitiveness. Therefore, they need to have a careful review of their financial status. Overhead costs and credit rating should be also reviewed care to the full. Business companies around the bollock should not rely alone on credits instead they should think of creative ideas to sustain their growth and development. Thus, if the financial crisis hit the country, theyll be able to survive. Basically, the existent cause of the financial crisis or the emergence of financial crisis of 2008 is that both Europe and the United States were living beyond their means for too many an(prenominal) years (Foster, 2008). by and by the crisis banks in Hong Kong including HSBC remain intact despite of severe damages. As previous ly stated, the context of financial crisis of 2008 conforms to the financial capabilities of a firm in global context. After the crisis, businesses are now much becoming careful concerning the assessment of their business process to rescind downfall. For recommendation, HSBC and other retail banks in Hong Kong should now consider in security departments management. The cost of indemnity had restricted managements alternatives in dealing with the hazards faced by the organisation. Basically, one of the foremost problems was that insurers rated firms according to business in such a way that a fine run firm that had few losses were required to pay for the claims of poorly run firms within the same industry. With this, the role of risk management must be considered. Management may began to make out that abridged losses intended reduced cost of risk. If managers reduced losses they could hold them themselves without resorting to indemnity. However, it took some time for industries to s ettle in management.The delicate inquisitiveness in management is the result of a number of instantaneous drifts. With the current economy, the trade and production has augmented financial and direct investment in unstable up-and-coming markets. With this we may say that risk management has also ensnared consideration as a result of the recur and well-publicised breakdowns linked with its exercise. Regardless of the amplified academic and specialised concentration paid to risk management, common instances still occur when classy investors or firms experience abrupt, unexpected, and devastating losses.Basically, risk is a mean reason in economic existence for the reason that individuals and firms create immutable reserves in research and product improvement, inventory, plant and equipment and homophile capital, without knowing whether the potential cash flows from these funds will be adequate to pay off both debt and equity holders. If such genuine investments do not engender thei r necessary returns, then the financial claims on these returns will turn down in worth.In addition to altering the extent of equity and debt in their capital composition, firms/business organisations can also influence their chance of liquidation by extenuating the risk disclosures they countenance. Firms/Business organisations should come out to prefer betwixt the types and degrees of disclosures, assuming those that they consider have an aggressive gain in supervision and laying others off into the capital markets. Other features of the firms processes such as the convexity of its measure lists, can also influence the amount to which administrators challenge to alleviate risks (Tufano 1996). Apparently, Besanko, Dranove Shanley, (1996) believes that economists and strategic planners view risk management as being related to the issue of the boundaries of the firm. In this structure, the pronouncement to alleviate meticulous risks is comparable to the verdict to outsource a part icular purpose. Thus, risk management, like technology, allocation, or level, is a basis of economical plus.With respect to risk management as tool to counter financial crisis of 2008, we may also say that, strategies that should used by the banks must contribute to the banks possible success rate especially in the face of crisis that involves the financial aspect of the organisation. The presence of a these strategies may give the organisation a competitive advantage over their rival organisations through their scheme on how the organisations or departments that make up the industry are able to work together, and at the same time how they hold their reputation in order to continue giving their services to their clients. Here, the corporal strategies that companies use involve the bank responsibilities and the brands that contribute to the performance of the bank.ReferencesAnnesley, C 2008, Computer Weekly.com, viewed 07 April, 2010, .Besanko, D Dranove, D Shanley, M 1996, Econom ics of Strategy. New York John Wiley Sons.Bond, J Green, G 2003, Welcome HSBC Strategic Overview, Managing for Growth 2004-2008, viewed 07 April, 2010, .Foster, JB 2008, The Financialisation of Capital and the Crisis. viewed 07 April, 2010 at http//monthlyreview.org/080401foster.phpPress Release 2008, Fair Isaac, viewed 07 April, 2010, .Solvell. O Zander, I 2000, Cross-Border Innovation in the Multinational Corporation, International Studies of Management Organisation, vol. 30, no. 2, p. 44.Tufano, P 1996, Who Manages Risk? An Empirical Examination of the Risk Management Practices of the meretricious Mining Industry. Journal of Finance, September, 1097-1137.Who is HSBC? 2010, HSBC Global Site, viewed 07 April, 2010 at .Banking Industry in HKIntroductionWith the continuous and rapid changes the world and people undergo, organisations find it necessary to adapt new methods or reformulate current business applications so as to function more effectively and achieve specific corpora te goals.This paper discusses the variables and issues almost the impact of financial crisis among banks in Hong Kong. Particularly, this study will focus on the examination of the impact of financial crisis to the said industry. This paper shows the Hong Kongs bank industry awareness about their both internal and external environment such that they have instituted strategic management imperatives to complement the demands of industry. This paper illustrates the challenges in order to determine the possible strategic moves in order to survive in financial crisis.Future of Banking Industry in HKThe global economy is now in extreme turmoil. It initially began in 2007 and was referred as credit crunch when the confidence of investors for the value of securitised mortgages in the United States lost. This has initiated a series of domino effects that that have adversely affected the financial sphere due to its complicated and high leveraged financial contracts and operations in the Amer ican sub-prime mortgage sector (Culp, 2001). And in September 2008, the sub-prime crisis became even more deteriorated, leading to the crashes of stock markets across the globe and entered the current period of even higher volatility. Under the current turmoil, not have any bank can real not be involved, even the USA five largest investment banks two be change (Bear Sterns sold to JP Morgan on 29th of May 2008 and Merrill Lynch Co. sold to Bank of America on 15th of Sep2008), at same day of Merrill Lynch sold, the Lehman Brothers been bankruptcy and other two of the bank the Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley change into the commercial bank. And that are not all there are still have a lot bank in the world been bankruptcy, nearly bankruptcy or be come to the nationalisation.From the scenario, it shows that all business effort or venture was continuously facing with different problems about financial management problems. Thus, it is very important for the manager or owner to concentrate and evaluate their business process especially during the times of crisis that the global communities are facing. Thus, key financial decisions usually faces the business administrators in problems and issues that is related to financial investments they typically give solutions about the assets on which the firm requires to put money and how a preferred venture have to be financed. With this consideration, we may say that the recent financial crisis is one of the problems experienced not only by some firms in the United States but also by the global economy including the banks and other business in Hong Kong. Basically, the recent financial crisis of 2008 around the globe is actually related to the concept classified by the general media as a credit crunch or credit crisis was started last 2007 of July. The crisis was triggered when most investors loss their confidence in the value of securitised mortgages in the United States and then later it spread out not only in America and E urope but also in Hong Kong. This development created a liquidity crisis that prompted an extensive vaccination of capital into financial markets by the United States Federal Reserve, European Central Bank and Bank of England (Norris, 2007).Despite of this turmoil in the financial and banking industry of Hong Kong, the next remains to be positive. As seen, after the crisis banks in Hong Kong remain intact regardless of severe damages. As previously stated, the context of financial crisis of 2008 conforms to the financial capabilities of a firm in global context. This is a good indication that businesses are now much becoming careful concerning the assessment of their business process to overturn downfall.Efficacy of Response to the CrisisWith regards to the current financial crisis (2008) businesses including banks and other lending and other financing institutions in Hong Kong are exposed to different business risks. Despite of the emergence of these risks, banks in Hong Kong ar e efficiently responding to counter the risks created by the current financial crisis. According to Joseph (2002), one of the common issues among banking business are the position risk of asset liquidity and market liquidity. It seems that if a loss occurs in the on- and off-balance-sheet performance of the entity due to market price instability, then market risk is also an issue which could arise. diversion from this, there are also concerns linked to asset liquidity risk which could occur when there is an incapability to slacken financial instrument place in a level close to its market value due to require of profundity or market disruption of the instrument (Joseph, 2002). For international, large and active banks, security trading engrossed them for the reason that customers surrogated capital markets against banks loans. Consequently, position risk is obtained by these banks. In insurance businesses, position risks come up from funding risk or the risk that they will evade in paying policyholders. Even though technical requirements are secluded by regulation to avoid non-payment, insurance firms show their investment premiums to position risks restraining their further capacity to perform contractual obligations.As response to the current crisis among banks in Hong Kong, Joseph (2002) assured that guideline can avert a subsequent bank crisis through regulation of capital since the capital can serve up as blockade in opposition to the capital as incentive-reducing feature for banks to take considerable risks and loss. Additional, regulation can be more successful when there is a group-wide inspection rather entity-to-entity since it thwarts multiple gearing to avoid unsuitable augment in equity. The group wide-view to regulation is not appropriate to securities firms as a substitute to broker-dealer only due to some grounds. Moreover, Joseph, (2002) believed that negative intelligence activity will not create crisis because the assets of the firm is unc onnected from the assets of the clients and there is simple and non-service unruly transfer of assets to other firms. They carry dated debt mechanisms that are not magnify by self-fulfilling forecasts. They hold more liquid assets and resources traded in every day which alleviate the asymmetric issues since lucidity is eminent. Finally, they pass the accountability for payment systems to banks that they stay away(p) from large value outflows.Actually, the main task of any nation in the world is to present their citizens with a high-quality life. Thus, countries like Hong Kong try their best to recognise and arise with elucidations to the various problems meet in their nation. Similarly, the countries including their business organisations discussed in this paper should do the same. Businesses in Hong Kong including their banks were able to face downfalls and adversities in their governments and economies in order to experience triumph. overdue to these challenges and adversaries, the governments may make use of all their possessions in looming up with solutions and look for answers to their struggle. These downfalls were apparent in the history of South East Asian countries, and pushed them for improvements in their governments, with the execution of new policies. The nations success relies on the response of the countries citizens, leaders governance and external factors, such as the international trade relations and world output.With the execution of flesh of macroeconomic policies in Hong Kong, it helped their governments realise the importance of reform, for in their situation, reform has been beneficial. With regards to the current financial crisis, Hong Kong and their business organisations including banks must consequently sustain their achievement by supernumerary improvement of their current macroeconomic policies, and make new ones for incessant political, economic, industrial and environmental stability and growth, globally and locally.Common E lements in Successful Strategy payable to the emergence of global financial crisis, bank industries around the globe especially Hong Kong are creating strategies to maintain their existence. hotshot of the strategies imposed by banks was through acquisition and expansion. For instance, HSBC, a bank in Hong Kong continuously exerted efforts to their acquisition strategies just to maintain their leadership despite of the current. However, this effort requires considerations of scenarios and business capabilities. Actually, establishing a bank in other parts of the world such as those belonging in the European Union may be more advisable for some entrepreneurs. There are many reasons for this judgment. One of which is the fact that the European Union is a vast region of countries whose level of development varies. This means that EU offers business areas that are less highly-developed than the other, giving better opportunities for foreign banks. Rules and regulations are likely to be more stabilised in some European regions as compared to the Hong Kong business setting. Tariffs or barriers to entering like taxes may also be lower in other European countries, making foreign entry less difficult. Most importantly, market multifariousness in EU is far larger than in China, making access to opportunities and market growth easier.Nonetheless, it should also be considered that certain risks can also seal off the development of a foreign bank within EU. For instance, the presence of higher competition level is likely, considering that multiple local and foreign banks will be operating within the region. Moreover, though laws and regulations may be stable, differences in banking policies, operational practices and other relevant factors may make market access not as easy. From this standpoint, it becomes puddle that establishing a bank in any foreign country has its advantages and downsides. This suggests that foreign entrepreneurs must be skilled in handling this possible business risks.Hong Kong and its banking sector have a lot to offer for foreign investors however, the country and its administration must improve some of its banking aspects not only to make Hong Kong more charitable to entrepreneurs but also to prevent business issues. One of this means would be the stabilisation of its business laws and banking legislations. The country must have a definite opinion for both domestic and foreign banks in such a way that both will benefit from. While the Hong Kong government is protecting its local banking sector, it must also employ means that will make foreign bank investors less cautious. The restrictions should also be implemented at a reasonable level.Hong Kong has in fact, conducted several changes so as to be more open for foreign banks. For instance, it has attempted to improve its corporate governance by requiring and encouraging banks to introduce administration boards. Moreover, approved accounting firms are now used for audi ting. Operational risks are also being handled by strengthening balance sheets financial statement definitions are also slowly being accomplished based on international standards.The foreign investors themselves can apply certain means to safeguard their businesses from these recognised risks. One of the important strategies that firms should consider is to operate alongside a local business partner (Overby, 2000). This will help the firm adapt easily to the Hong Kong business environment. A local partner can also assist in learning the Hong Kong culture, practices, regulations and means of interaction. More importantly, a Hong Kong business partner can also help in achieving progress faster. Training the staff becomes even more important in foreign business ventures. The workforce must be supported fully particularly in adapting the business new concepts, standards and technologies. The management should ensure that the local staff is also well-adjusted to the new system so as to e ncourage them to contribute more for the business (Berger, Hancock, Humphrey, 1993).In general, the investors can start off by analysing the business environment they wish to invest on. It is important that business entrepreneurs are aware of the distinct features of each foreign setting in this way, the investors will know how to address in the most effective way. With this, it is evident to say, that one of elements requisite to consider for a successful strategy was learning and adaptation since these are perhaps the two most important factors that should be present.For instance, it has been reported that at the end of 2003, HSBC launched the Managing for Growth program, which is a strategic plan that provides the company with a blueprint for growth and development from 2003 to 2008 (Strategy 2010). This strategy builds on the companys strengths and addresses the areas where further improvement is considered both wanted and attainable. HSBCs core values are integral to its str ategy, in communicating them to customers, shareholders and employees, and comprise an emphasis on long-term, ethical client relationships, high productivity through teamwork, a confident and ambitious sense of excellence, being international in outlook and character, prudence, creativity and customer-focused marketing (Strategy 2010). In addition, there are several key elements in achieving HSBCs global development objectives, and these include accelerating the rate of growth of revenue, developing the brand strategy further, improving productivity, and maintaining the companys prudent risk management and strong financial position. growing the skills of their employees is also given emphasis to ensure that all employees understand how they can contribute to the successful achievement of HSBCs objectives (Strategy 2010).Moreover, there are eight strategic imperatives included in the plan of HSBC in accordance to their development strategy. Their first imperative is their brand, by making HSBC and its hexagon symbol one of the worlds leading brands for customer experience and corporate social responsibility. The second imperative is their Personal Financial Services, which drive growth in key markets and through appropriate channels, HSBC can be the strongest global player in personal financial services. The third one is Consumer Finance, which is extending the reach of this business to existing customers through a wider product range to penetrate new markets. The quarter imperative is Commercial Banking, making the most of HSBCs international customer base by creating an effective relationship management and improved product offerings in all their markets (Strategy 2010).Furthermore, the fifth imperative is Corporate, Investment Banking and Markets, which accelerates growth by enhancing capital markets and advisory capabilities, by being focused on client service in sectors where the company has critical relevance and strength. The sixth one is Private Banki ng, which aims to serve the company

Fundamental Changes Of Marketing On The Internet Information Technology Essay

Fundamental Changes Of Marketing On The Internet Information Technology renderDescribe the important Internet properties that affect marketing and the fundamental changes the Internet has brought to marketing.In a fast-paced society, everything has to be done in an instant. Everything costs more(prenominal). Everything moves speedy like bricks and mortar. The good thing is that we can have anything we want in just one click. We have the different technological advances right within our communicate succession efficient and cost effective- which make our way of life more convenient. All of these realities of modern society have been in the name of progress. One of the closely popular, most obvious technological advances at present is the Internet, which provides the users convenience from entertainment to education and from personal concerns to clientele matters. Indeed, the Internet introduces many unique benefits to marketing including blue costs in distributing tuition and media to a global audience.Internet has brought so much impact on marketing and help to increase the sales of a company goods and convergence faster than originally and even more efficient. Internet has in like manner brings so much benefit and convenience to both company and also customers.As example of the benefits ar such as time saver and such convenience for the customer as they can have their shop or make transaction at their own pace and just one click away.Internet also makes marketing more flexible where any business transaction can be done anytime, anywhere even from home. Internet has also helps to enhance the customer services as they can share information and keeps their transaction save and easily shop later on. This also helps to promote and distribute the companys goods and products faster and more reliable.QUESTION 2What concerns about customer covert are raised by the increased use of wire slight computing and handheld devices outside the home or workplace?C ustomer privacy are raised by the increased use of wireless computing and handheld devices outside the home or workplace has made the concerns in which a protective covering issues where the data or information of some particular person or company can be exposed or shared without permission consequently it forget risk the person or company at target if it is used by irresponsible individual or agencies.It leave alone also increase the high possibility of virus spread either it is by intention or unintention on the wholey by sharing the vexibility of the wireless network to outsiders. This will cause a big risk or damage to the network itself. So, it needs to be control and monitor at times.Other than the spread of virus, cookies and e-mail are also a big issues to the wireless computing plus instanteradays the wandering internet have expand faster than any certified internet device that can be found nowadays, this will also affect the customer privacy anywhere they connect t o the network.QUESTION 3How will social media and consumer-generated gist change the way marketers operate?Social Media Will Become a Single, Cohesive Experience Embedded In Our Activities and Technologies. By this time next year, social media will no longer be social media it will be an integrated, unquestionable component of your online and offline experience. Last year we spoke of cross-platform desegregation across media sites. Open APIs and OpenID made that possible and even LinkedIn announced last month that it too will finally open its APIs. 2010 will be about integration and a single, cohesive experience across platforms as well as across products and devices Web, brisk, TV, and video will become near-inseparable experiences.Users will access content from any device or platform, co-create and mash up their photos, videos and text with traditional content while interacting with each other. Publishers will create saucy kinds of content for the connected world, and the l ast years lull in good entertainment will finally be lifted. This trend will cut across all of our activities from playing games to shopping to emailing and texting nothing will be lost everything we do will be gathered and streamed together, allowing people to view their world of activities as if it were intercommunicate in front of them, open to change, review and input at any point in time from any device or online tool.Social media establishment will no longer be limited by technology. With web technology maturing and the near-elimination of previous barriers such as closed platforms and discrete logins, companies will now look to innovate the way they use animated technology, rather than focus on technology enhancements themselves. We will see a move to leverage existing assets content and capabilities in new ways, turning information to wisdom and insight to action. Whereas once user research required focus groups and usability tests, companies will utilize the Webs cap abilities to carry out the same. Naturally occurring conversations will be utilized in product innovation and design, and companies will create incentives for peoples attention and engagement while repurposing and analyzing content and engagement in new ways that will deliver valuable input.Mobile will take center stage. As the technological barriers come down, people will more and more use their phones on-the-go to access social networks, search, read content and find location-based information. Our phones will be used as a central hub and beacon enabling a slew of new capabilities and experiences and enterprises will shape the next generation of what we would call Social Media.QUESTION 4It is observed that the global Internet has driven styles, tastes, and product to coverage and create a more homogeneous, global marketplace, and creating an online monoculture. Explain the observation.Internet has expand and evolve from one stage to another in just less than two decades and at the same time it has also brought revolution to marketing and increase the population of internet shoppers even more bigger than any population of other technology users. Marketing has become more styles, customer-friendly, product expansion and business reach directly to their buyers home. some companies have changed their marketing style to more internet comprehension and sent their marketers to training and learn how to reach their customers through internet and increase their products coverage.Recently, year 2010, mobile internet has been introduced with the competition between mobile manufacturer as Blackberry, Apple and Android, the internet has been easier and just on our hand anywhere, anytime. This has stimulated the increase of ways for marketers to promote their product through email, Facebook and also Twitter.Many organizations and even individual has made a hand of income through internet marketing by promoting their products on others websites and people also gain a lot of benefits through this. Some example of successful organizations that manage to make fortune out of this was Amazon of selling books, eBay of bidding transaction, GSM Company that provides products such as mobile and other latest technologies and so on.Internet marketing also has made a huge change to the companys profitability and maximizes their income to beyond what they can achieve before internet affect their marketing styles. Internet on marketing also has increase the companys return on marketing investment and made a new direction to the ways of organization or business including B2B, B2C, and even C2C.

The Effective Decision Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

The Effective DecisionThe Effective Decision - The Function of the Chief ExecutiveAt 60, John Neyland, the company president, contumacious he would retire before the mandatory retirement age of 65. He did not reveal his decision to anyone until he reached 62, and at this time he confided to his better(p) friend and the most powerful board member that he would retire imminently. Mr. Neyland proposed that Bill Strong, Vice President, Administration, a very able and experienced executive, succeed him as president. Mr. Neylands friend vehemently opposed Bill Strongs candidacy, and forcefully argued that Margaret Wetherall, vice president of manufacturing, was the topper qualified to be the new president.This case presents a situation where the decision-making act upon has completely failed. The selection of the president is one of the most important decisions a board of directors makes. Not only does a president have an enormous move on the fortunes of a company, but the very pr ocess by which the executive is picked influences the way employees, investors, and other constituencies view the company and its leadership. One of the boards most critical roles is to pick up the presence of an effective management development program for the whole enterprise. While the CEO (in most firms, the president is also the CEO), is the person managing the program, the board needs to melt down an active oversight role to ensure that the program is in place and is working effectively. Considering that Mr. Neyland was approaching the mandatory retirement age, and that a significant difference in opinion between Mr. Neyland and the most powerful board member as to who should be the new president, it is clear that the board (the president is almost always a board member) was extremely derelict in its duties. The decision-making process was greatly undermined, with huge ramifications for the organization.In the Japanese way of decision-making, the single most important e lement in solving such problems is defining the question. Because the Japanese system is very time consuming and involves many participants from various functions within the organization, the Japanese system is suited to macroscopical decisions. A change is president is one of the most crucial events in the life of a company, and it is an event in which the board of directors plays a central role. Because the ne... ...ns by consensus, and they have developed a systematic decision-making process. The critical first step in the Japanese decision-making system is to define the problem and then proceed done well-defined stages to arrive at an effective decision. For example, the Japanese flush out various opinions without any discussion of the answer. The Japanese focus on exploring and debating the merits of alternatives, rather than on the optimal solution. The process includes all parties that are affected by the decision. When a consensus is reached, the decision can be e asily implemented because people implementing the decision were virtually involved in the decision-making process.The disagreement between Mr. Neyland and the board member regarding who should succeed Mr. Neyland has sabotaged the effective decision-making process. It is highly unlikely that the next president will be the best candidate, and politics will compromise the integrity of the decision process. Naturally, there are enormous implications for the economic health of the organization. American and European managers often make poor people decisions, and the consequences can be devastating for their organizations.

The Crucible Coursework Essay -- Essay on The Crucible

The Crucible Coursework EssayThe Crucible was written in 1952 by the playwright Arthur Miller. Itis an allegory of the McCarthy witch-hunts which occurred during the1950s. It was effectively the arrest and questioning of thosesuspected of communist views or that sympathised with communists. TheUSA was very suspicious of communists due to the Cold War betweenitself and the USSR. Joe McCarthy, leader of the governmentalorganisation, the Anti-Democracy Policy, headed the hunts. ArthurMiller was himself arrested by McCarthy.Miller was very irritated by this and decided that he wanted toprotest by writing a satiric play. To have his play shown onBroad route he had to write an allegory based on his treatment and theinsanity of the witch-hunts.The play is set in a fabricated town named Salem in Massachusetts, USAin 1692, a period of American history when people were strictChristians.In Acts I, II and III we fix a portrayal of local farmer John observeas he becomes involved in the inju stices and realises the stupidity ofthe witch-hunts of Salem. In Act I we are introduced to Reverend Samuel Parris, a corruptedclergyman. He is insecure, bitter and paranoid about witchcraftinfecting his parish, giving him a bad reputation. We learn that hehas seen several girls move naked and casting spells in the nearbywoods, including his daughter, Betty, niece, Abigail Williams and hishousemaid, Tituba. Parris perversion could be seen as theperversion of the autocratic 1950s America.We also briefly establish John Proctors relationship with Abigail. Anorphan, Abigail worked for him and his wife, Elizabeth as a housemaiduntil Elizabeth discovers that they were having an affair, ... ...cating that Proctors conscience has been eased. Danforth looksdefeated here, showing us that Proctors truth and cleverness to staystrong has quashed the judge.Proctor is then sent to be hanged, and arrives in a cart carryingGoody Nurse, an innocent woman also condemned to death. In the speculati onboth he and Goody Nurse are standing implying that they are closer toHeaven than the crowds below that have come to see them executed.We see a close-up of Elizabeth and at this point the music becomespowerful, showing her strong character.As they begin to recite the Lords Prayer we see that the accused are true up Christians, though by not being allowed to finish the prayer, wesee that justice has now been overcome.Through his own interpretation, the director presents the film in away that remains true to the original themes and ideas of Millersplay.

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight Essay examples -- English Literature E

Sir Gawain and the Green KnightSir Gawain and the Green Knight was written in the late fourteenth century. Its author was unknown, but he or she was a contemporary of Chaucer. The poem consists of two plots one is the ch eitherenge between Sir Gawain and the Green Knight in a beheading game, and the other is the lure of Sir Gawain by a lady from a beautiful castle. The outcome of the challenge as well as the life of Gawain is made to depend--though Gawain does not know it--on his behavior at the castle. The temptation is a test of chastity and honorable conduct towards a lord. The introduction of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight gives us a picture of King Arthurs kingdom. It describes the knights and the joy of all Arthurs people. The poem begins and ends with the mention of the fall of troy. It talks about the warriors who survived and settled in different areas of Europe Great Romulus to Rome repairs in haste With boast and with braveness buil ds he that city And names it with his own name, that it now bears. Ticius to Tuscany, and towers raises, Langobard in Lombardy lays out homes, And far over the French Sea, Felix Brutus On many broad hills and high Britain he sets, most fair. (Norton 202)(Aeneas rescuing his father from Troy) Felix Brutus is the legendary founder of Britain, the great-grandson of the treacherous knight of Troy, Aeneas. Aeneas,from what I found from an outside source, says he is a traitor because he overthrows the king of Troy and negotiates with the enemy (the Achaeans) or Greeks who come into the city. Because of this, the Greeks let him and his family to safely leave the city. In the second stanza, the author chooses to tal... ...equality in a conjugal union because that is the only way that marriage can last forever. Unlike her Prologue, the Wife of Baths Tale describes balance in a marriage. A hag is married to a knight and she asks him if he wants her to be old, ugly and faithful or young, bea utiful, and unfaithful. He tells her to choose, which gives her the sovereignty. The hag then turns into a beautiful woman, and they live happily ever after. Although in her Tale, it shows that both people should be considerate of each other in a marriage, in her Prologue, the Wife of Bath seems dominant instead of concerns for her husbands. CitationAbrams, M.H., The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Sixth Edition, Vol. 1. New York W.W. Norton & Co. Inc., 1993 alter by J.R.R. Tolkien and E.V. Gordon Sir Gawain and The Green Knight.Second Edition, Oxford University Press., 1967