Wednesday, March 6, 2019

Bureaucracy and Max Weber

CONTENT INTRODUCTION2 CHARACTERISTICS OF MAX weber THEORY OF BUREAUCRACY2 CRITICS TOWARDS MAX WEBERS THEORY5 ADVANTAGES OF MAX WEBER THEORIES6 CONCLUSION7 BIBLIOGRAPHY8 1. 0 Introduction According to Stephen P. Robbins and Mary Coulter in their book coroneted Management, bureaucratism merchant ship be specify as a contour line of organisation characterised by division of labour, a light-headedly defined hierarchy, circumstantial predominates and regulations, and inert kinship. bureaucracy usually gives a negative meaning in life.When it comes to bureaucracy, automati clapperclawy people would imagine things like red-tape, fil conduct form with as well as m whatsoever information and too detail, small problems become complicated because of the traffic pattern to be abided and others. Even though we normally equalize bureaucracy with inefficiency, besides the truth is, it represents efficiency because the advantages ar to a greater extent than disadvantages. Bureaucracy t o a fault faecal matter be regarded as an effective way created in pasture to draw to a big nerve. The bigger and complicated a formal governing body, the greater requirement needed to control and synchronize every members activities.The necessities crowd appear be fulfilled by bureaucracy, which is an role structure operated low a rules and procedures. Max weber defines transcription as a genial mechanism that maximizes efficiency and strong point in administration. 2. 0 Characteristics of Bureaucracy by Max weber Webers focus on the trend of rationalization led him to concern himself with the operation and expansion of big enterprises in both the universal and private sectors of modern societies Bureaucracy can be considered to be a particular case of rationalization, or rationalization applied to uman organization. Bureaucratic coordination of benevolent work on, Weber believed, is the distinctive mark of modern social structures. In order to study these organizat ions, both historically and in contemporary society, Weber demonstrable the characteristics of an paragon-type bureaucracy 2. 0. 1 indite Rules of Conduct According to Weber, all conclusions, rules and actions interpreted by the organization argon formulated and recorded in writing. Written documents ensure that there is continuity of the organizations policies and procedures. Cutajar, 2010) Weber in a bad way(p) that rational bureaucracies must be managed in accordance with cargonfully demonstrable rules and principles that can be learned and applied and that transactions and decisions must be recorded so that rules can he reviewed. Only with such rules and principles can the activities of hundreds of managers at different levels in the organization be predicted and coordinated. If we cannot predict what others exit do, then we cannot count on them. 2. 0. 2 Hierarchy of Authorityhierarchical authority is required in bureaucracies so that highly trained experts can be properl y used as managers. (Borgatti, 2002) The type of authority primed(p) eat up by Weber rests on the belief of in the uprightness of formal rules and hierarchies, and in the right of those elevated in the hierarchy to posses authority and issues argument. Authority is abandoned to the officials based on their skills, position and authority move formally in each position. For instance, officer graduated from universities is respected more than the officer with no qualification from universities.He give be given more authorities and issues command. 2. 0. 3 Hierarchical Structure According to Weber, bureaucracies ar goal-oriented organizations designed concord to rational principles in order to efficiently induce their goals. Offices are ranked in a hierarchical order, with information flow up the chain of command, directives current down. It was self-evident that coordinating the divisions of large organizations requires clear lines of authority organized in a hierarchy. That means there are clear levels of graded authority.All employees in the organization must see who their boss is, and each person should always respect the chain of command that is, people should give orders only to their own subordinates and receive orders only done their own immediate superior In this way, the people at the wind can be sure that directives arrive where they are meant to go and endure where responsibilities lie. 2. 0. 4 Division of Labour Division of labour or in other word, forte of division, means each office has a defined sphere of competence.The tasks of the organization are divided into distinct functions given to break dance offices. These functions are clearly specified so that the staff know simply what is expected of them. Job-holders are given the authority necessary to carry come in their roles. Webers idea of running(a) specialization applies both to persons within an organization and to relations between larger units or divisions of the organizat ion. Stephen P. Borgatti in his article titled bureaucracy give an example of division of labour by Swift & Co.In his article, within a Swift packing plant, work was broken down into m whatsoever special tasks, and employees were assigned to one or a a couple of(prenominal) such tasks, including the tasks involved in coordinating the work of others. So, Swift was divide into a number of divisions, each specializing in one of the tasks in the riotous process of bringing meat from the ranch to the consumer. Weber argued that such specialization is essential to a rational bureaucracy and that the specific boundaries separating one functional division from another must be fixed by explicit rules, regulations, and procedures. Borgatti, 2002) 2. 0. 5 Impersonality of Relationship Impersonality meansno hatred or madness with equality of treatment for all clients of the organization. It means, there must be no individual objectives are allowed. All people must follow the organization o bjectives. In other word, staff members are free of any impertinent responsibilities and constraints so that they are able to attend to their duties in a true(p) and objective way. For example, work is resolved from residence in order to separate personal duty and objective of the organization. 2. 0. Lifelong Career Commitment Weber stressed that employment in the organization should be seen as a career for officials. An official is a full-time employee, and anticipate a long career. After an introduction period, the employee is given tenure, which protects the employee from arbitrary dismissal. The organization should create a better working scheme such as clear packaging route and sound remuneration scheme. Max Weber viewed these bureaucratic elements as solutions to problems or defects within earlier and more traditional administrative establishments.Likewise, he viewed these elements as parts of a total system, which, combined and instituted effectively, would extend the effectiveness and efficiency of the administrative structure. 3. 0 Critics toward Max Weber Theories of Bureaucracy there are various critics from public administration philosophers toward bureaucracy system generated by max Weber. 3. 0. 1 Rigid Rules and Uncreative Weber run along out that the characteristics of his theory on bureaucracy is on hierarchical authority structure. However, the consequences that the organization has to bear is the lost of ability to generate new ideas.There are problems among lower officers due to hierarchical structure. It is because, in hierarchy, order is given by upper officer to the lower officer. The lower officer accepts the instruction without an opportunity to give their own opinion or ideas. So, there were no multiplication of new ideas and no any check and balance happen. A good organization should involve employees in decision making. 3. 0. 2 Slow end Making Process Because of Webers theory stressed on hierarchical authority, the deci sion making process become ineffective. It slows down the process.The decision is all coming from the top management. So, it takes too long for the information to come about the employees. 3. 0. 3 Exploitation of Position and creator Webers theory of bureaucracy could lead to exploitation. His suggestion on the use of written rule of conduct can bring problems. A. W Gouldner (1954) noticed that the govern according to rules culture in organization caused the consequences of members following the minimum possible rules in order to get by. So, in bureaucratic organization, employees who know to twist the rules would gradually or evidently be more powerful.In consequence, power will have a tendency to shift from a nominal attracter of the organization, who did not know how to play by the rules, to employee who really did. 3. 0. 4 fiddle is not Challenging In bureaucratic theory suggested by Weber, a promotion system is not encouraged. He prefers to use a system based on seniority or qualification in subdivision exams. It means, all the promotions are based on the period he has worked on the organization or the answers on the exam paper. Therefore, there is no fanaticism in work because the promotion system is not based on efficiency.The duties also are the same everyday and can create tedium among the officers. 3. 0. 5 Nonresponsive The theories suggested by Weber did not reflect to changes. Reflection is in the term of attitude and speed of changes or adjustments with the changes. For example, when people deal with organization agencies or department, bureaucracy cannot help to accelerate the process, meanwhile increase the marrow they have to take. The people have to pass through many processes onward their problems can be settled. 4. The Advantages of Max Weber Theories of Bureaucracy Webers bureaucracy is based on logic and rationality which are support by trained and qualified specialists. The element of a bureaucracy offers a stable and hierarchi cal model for an organization. 4. 0. 1 Pr neverthelesst Misuse of Power Max Weber theories of bureaucracy prevent the misuse of power. It stressed the impersonality of relationship where the officers must distinguish the duties from personal matters. Often happen in organization where officers use the facilities of the office for personal works.For example, an executive officer used to call his driver to fetch his daughter from school. This action cannot be legalised by the theory. This action shows how the officer used the facilities of the office for personal works. So, by applying the Max Weber theories, an officer can distinguish between the duties and personal matters. 4. 0. 2 finding is rationalised Bureaucracy practises rational concept is where every decision is based on the objectives and criteria set by the public. Decision being made is not parti pris as it free from personal matters.It contributes in democracy through technical foul ability, not because of heritage of family relation in order to obtain original position. 4. 0. 3 Clear and Written Records The characteristics of Max Weber bureaucracy lined up the need of written rules of conduct. It also stressed the documentation of any decision made. The advantage of this action is that it can be referred easily and any problems arise can be settled without rebuttal when there is a set of rules of conduct. 4. 0. 4 Specialization of WorksBureaucracy enables officers to know in depth on their tasks as the task is divided among them. The specialization also can decrease the burden of duties of the officer and can gradually increase their productivity. Besides that, it is easier for the management to choose among its officers whom are really capable to coiffe certain tasks. 4. 0. 5 Increase Efficiency and Effectiveness According to Weber, bureaucracies are goal-oriented organizations designed according to rational principles in order to efficiently slay their goals.Offices are ranked in a hierarch ical order, with information flowing up the chain of command, directives flowing down. Operations of the organizations are characterized by impersonal rules that explicitly state duties, responsibilities, standardized procedures and conduct of office holders. Offices are highly specialized. Appointments to these offices are made according to specialized qualifications rather than ascribed criteria. All of these ideal characteristics have one goal, to promote the efficient attainment of the organizations goals. 5. 0 mop upSome have seriously misinterpreted Weber and have claimed that he desire bureaucracy, that he believed that bureaucracy was an ideal organization. Others have pronounced Weber damage because bureaucracies do not live up to his list of ideals. Others have even claimed that Weber invented bureaucratic organization. But Weber draw offd bureaucracy as an ideal type in order to more accurately describe their growth in power and scope in the modern world. The bureau cratic coordination of the action of large numbers of people has become the dominant morphological feature of modern societies.It is only through this organizational device that large-scale planning and coordination, both for the modern state and the modern economy, become possible. The consequences of the growth in the power and scope of these organizations is vital to understanding our world. Bibliography Borgatti, S. P. (2002, April 02). analytictech. com. Retrieved March 10, 2011, from Bureaucracy http//www. analytictech. com/mb021/bureau. htm Cutajar, M. (2010, July 29). Max Weber Bureaucracy Theory. Retrieved March 10, 2011, from suite101. com http//www. suite101. com/content/max-weber-bureaucracy-theory-a267433

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